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1. Who is considered the architect of German unification?
Napoleon
Otto von Bismarck
Kaiser William II
Mazzini
Explanation: Otto von Bismarck unified Germany through diplomacy and wars.
2. Which treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation?
Treaty of Vienna
Treaty of Constantinople (1832)
Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Versailles
Explanation: Greece gained independence through the Treaty of Constantinople in 1832.
3. The French Revolution began in which year?
1776
1789
1815
1848
Explanation: The French Revolution started in 1789.
4. What was the main aim of the Congress of Vienna (1815)?
Promote democracy
Restoration of monarchies
End nationalism
Unify Europe
Explanation: The Congress aimed to restore old monarchies and conservative order.
5. Who was the ruler of France in 1815?
Louis XVIII
Napoleon
Louis XVI
Charles X
Explanation: Louis XVIII was restored as king after Napoleon’s defeat.
6. Which term refers to a feeling of common identity among people?
Imperialism
Nationalism
Colonialism
Absolutism
Explanation: Nationalism creates unity based on shared culture and history.
7. Which empire ruled over a large part of Europe before 1914?
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Roman Empire
French Empire
British Empire
Explanation: The Austro-Hungarian Empire ruled many nationalities in Europe.
8. Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?
Italian revolutionary
German general
French king
Austrian diplomat
Explanation: Mazzini was a key leader of Italian nationalism.
9. The Frankfurt Parliament was convened in which year?
1815
1848
1871
1789
Explanation: The Frankfurt Parliament met during the 1848 revolutions.
10. Which country was the first to be unified in Europe?
Italy
Germany
France
Greece
Explanation: Italy achieved unification before Germany.